TG2.1 - Serviceability models

Serviceability limit states (SLS) determine the applicability of concrete structures. When these criteria are met, the concrete structure can function properly during its service life. Correct design according to serviceability limit states is therefore essential for the construction of durable, robust and valuable structures. Violation of the SLS criteria leads to structures that do not function properly and/or to reduced durability, the consequences of which can be recognised very quickly. Therefore, the models for verification of the expected criteria are of primary importance.

The activity of the group is focused on the development of models for analysis of cracks and deformations of concrete structures. Beside the sophisticated numerical models, engineering practice requires practical engineering approaches, which are applicable in codes and in preliminary design stages when important decisions on the conceptual design are accepted. The activity will be focused on new structures and also on existing structures for assessment, rehabilitation or strengthening.

Convener
Alejandro Pérez Caldentey

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TG2.2 - Ultimate limit state models

Task Group 2.2 was established to evaluate and develop models for the conception, design and analysis of concrete structures. Topics within the scope of the work may include models that deal with the ultimate limit state and with ductility as to their affect on peak and post peak behaviours.

The objective of TG2.2 is to synthesise available results from research, testing and design experience. Therefore, research and development in this field is monitored, documented and evaluated. For the time being, the work is focused on the behaviour of slabs and beams in shear, shear aspects in the design of members reinforced with steel bars, steel fibres or a combination of steel fibres and bars and the punching behaviour of slabs. Moreover, strut-and-tie modelling is treated as a specific method to capture ultimate limit states.

Convener
Aurelio Muttoni

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TG2.3 - Fire design of concrete structures

Task Group 2.3 welcomes active members with expertise in theory and practice in relation to fire design of concrete structures. The scope of TG2.3 comprises a discussion of theoretical and practical problems in relation to fire design and the development of the state-of-the-art and best practices for fire design of concrete structures. It is the goal that the results of the task group will not only serve as a reference for the experts within the topic of fire design, but also will be helpful for the members of the fib in general.

The scope of the work of TG2.3 is based on the previous achievements, which include Bulletins 38 and 46 on fire design of concrete structures: materials, modelling, structural behaviour and assessment, as well as contributions to the fib Model Code and various workshops and special sessions on these topics.

In the next phase, TG2.3 will concentrate on a number of topical issues within fire design, with the objective of providing general engineering guidance within these fields. The work is organised in three working parties, with the following titles and scope.

Convener
Ruben Van Coile

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TG2.4 - Computer-based modelling and design

Task Group 2.4 (TG2.4) aims to bridge the gap between complex and advanced analyses and practical design applications. The current state of knowledge on nonlinear methods, thermomechanical analyses as well as the application of holistic 3D building models will be prepared for practical use.

The scope and objectives of TG2.4 are to:

• survey the current state of knowledge on computer-based modelling and design;
• develop guidance documents related to the application of non-linear computer-based analysis methods for assessing performance and aiding the design of concrete members;
• develop guidance documents related to the application of thermomechanical computer-based analysis methods for assessing the cracking risk respectively the mode of cracking and the required minimum reinforcement due to imposed and restrained deformations;
• establish frameworks and methods to incorporate the application of holistic 3D building models in the static analysis and design in practice;
• provide guidance on the application of computational modelling procedures to post-construction assessments, forensic engineering, and rehabilitation work relating to existing concrete structures.

Moreover, the Task Group 2.4 shall become a platform for researchers and practical users to:

• propose criteria for calibrating or validating computer-based procedures employed for concrete structure design or assessment;
• discuss the extension of computer-based modelling procedures to structures employing high performance concretes, fibre-reinforced concretes, and composite concrete structures;
• work toward integrating computer-based analysis-related provisions within the Model Code.

Convener
Dirk Schlicke

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TG2.5 - Bond and material models

The overall motivation of TG2.5 is to advance theoretical and practical developments in topics related to bond and anchorage of reinforcing and prestressing materials, and to present these developments in an understandable and code-type formulated manner.

TG2.5 undertakes activities which stimulate and advance modelling of the influence of bond and anchorage of reinforcement on structural performance, as well as the development of design provisions related to bond behaviour and detailing of laps and anchorages.

Convener
Giovanni A. Plizzari

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TG2.6 - Composite steel-concrete construction

Steel-concrete composite construction allows various structural solutions that optimize the performances of the two-component materials through a well-assessed design that takes into account all the particularities of steel and RC constructions as well as interaction problems.

The use of composite construction is widely spread all around the world, and its use for the construction of medium-sized bridges is a very frequent technical choice. In this historical period, the concrete industry must take this into account.

The motivation of the fib TG2.6 is to identify the meaningful characteristics of composite steel- concrete structures with respect to typical aspects of RC structures in order to provide technical knowledge and design provisions.

The activity of the group is focused on the analyses of the structural behaviour of RC parts constituting steel-concrete composite members and the modeling of their interaction with the steel parts.

Convener
Maria Rosaria Pecce

Co-Convener
Antonio Bilotta

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TG2.7 - Seismic Design

The motivation for the work of Task Group 2.7 (TG2.7) is the promotion of the use and improvement in safety of concrete structures under accidental (e.g. seismic) actions and/or in exposed regions worldwide.

Convener
Paolo Franchin

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TG2.8 - Safety and performance concepts

The overall motivation of Task Group 2.8 (TG2.8) is based on the fact that structural systems are typically designed to stay in service for at least several decades. This implies that proper attention must be given to structural performance under various actions, both man-made and environmental, to the methodology of structural analysis and assessment, to material properties, to the inverse identification and monitoring of structural resistance among others. The main focus is the development of a holistic performance based design approach for new and existing structures and infrastructures.

The objective of TG2.8 is to promote and to provide on the basis of the guide to good practice “safety and performance concepts – reliability assessment of concrete structures” the theoretical and practical developments for the performance based design. This includes structural safety, serviceability and reliability, advanced methodology including probabilistic methods, inverse analyses techniques, monitoring methods, and performance and optimised life-cycle cost based design concepts.

Convener
Konrad Berg-meister

Co-convener
Luc Taerwe

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TG2.9 - Fastenings to structural concrete and masonry

The modern fastening technique is employed extensively for the transfer of concentrated loads into concrete and masonry structures. Cast-in-place anchors, placed in the formwork before casting of the concrete, as well as post-installed anchors and reinforcing bars, which are installed in hardened structural concrete or masonry, are equally common. Loads are transferred into the concrete or masonry by mechanical interlock, friction, bond or a combination of these mechanisms. However, independently of the load-transfer mechanism, all anchorages rely on the tensile strength of the concrete or masonry, a fact which must be taken into account in both assessment and design. Despite the widespread use of cast-in-place as well as post-installed anchors and reinforcing bars in construction, the overall level of understanding in the engineering community regarding their behaviour remains quite limited.

In order to improve the general state of knowledge in this field, Task Group 2.9 “Fastenings to Structural Concrete and Masonry” (former Special Activity Group 4) was formed.

The aim of TG2.9 is to collect and discuss the latest research results in the field of fastening technology, to identify new areas of research and to synthesise the research results in harmonised provisions for the design of fastenings.

Convener
Rolf Eligehausen

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TG2.10 - Textile reinforced concrete construction and design

New material composites such as textile/carbon reinforced concrete have been developed during the past two decades. Textile reinforced concrete is a composite material where the concrete is reinforced with textile structures instead of classical reinforcement steel. Apart from alcali resistant glass and similar materials, carbon has become the prevalent reinforcement material and lead to the development of so-called carbon concrete. Carbon textile fabrics as well as carbon bars are used as reinforcement material for carbon concrete. Carbon's resistance to corrosion allows an enormous reduction of concrete cover thickness in comparison to classical steel reinforced concrete.

These developments offer new ways in concrete constructions due to the possibility for curved, thinner and more filigree construction components. This might be a starting point for several new research work. Therefore, the work of a task group is considered meaningful. The task group "Textile reinforced concrete" will mainly (not exclusively) deal with carbon reinforcement. The task group may contribute in working out rules and compiling guidelines for the design of constructions made of the new composite material textile/carbon reinforced concrete.

The objective of the proposed task group is construction and design of textile reinforced concrete. Regarding the reinforcement material, carbon is in focus. The aim of the task group is to contribute in working out rules and compiling guidelines for the design of constructions made of textile/carbon reinforced concrete.

Convener
Manfred Curbach

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TG2.11 - Structures made by digital fabrication

Digital fabrication processes for fabricating concrete-like products, objects and/or structures are typically grouped into three main categories: (i) Layered Extrusion (e.g. contour crafting, concrete printing etc.), (ii) Binder Jetting (e.g. D-shape), (iii) Slip-forming (e.g. smart dynamic casting). However, to date, many important developments have been accomplished for layered extrusion technology, consisting of a digitally controlled moving printing head (or nozzle) that precisely lays down the concrete or mortar material layer-by-layer.

It is clear that the full understanding of the structural performances of digitally fabricated elements represents noteworthy progress in supporting the design of such innovative structures. In this way, reliable structural concepts and assessment methodologies could be integrated within existing international building codes/standards and adapted to the particularities of DFC, providing effective recommendations to the construction industry stakeholders.

The primary objective of the task group is to identify limiting aspects of the current design practice for the implementation of novel, digitally-fabricated concrete structures. Based on that, the task group will address fundamental structural issues related to the particularities of DFC with the final aim of providing effective guidelines for code-compliant applications.

Convener
Costantino Menna

Co-Convener
Domenico Asprone

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TG2.12 - Protective Concrete Structures against Hazards

Concrete structures are suitable for the development and construction of protective structures against several kinds of hazards, like a blast, missiles, impact or thermal loads. The reasons for such extreme loadings may be different, but the structures under consideration have to provide conditions for safe and relatively comfortable survival of people inside. The TG2.12 will develop documents which specify the conditions of performance of protective structures and conditions for their design.

Convener
Klaas Van Breugel

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TG2.13 - Design and assessment for tsunami loading

The primary objective of the task group (TG) is to identify methodologies for: (i) the design of tsunami resistant structures/infrastructure, (ii) the assessment of existing assets against tsunami-induced loads and (iii) the design/assessment of existing assets towards the sequential hazards such as earthquakes and tsunami, or other triggering hazards. Assets under investigation include RC, masonry, steel and composite structures and infrastructure.

The TG plans to face structural issues by focusing on the structural response of reinforced concrete structures and infrastructure under tsunami loading, with main focus on:

• The definition and estimation of loads (i.e., hydrostatic and hydrodynamic horizontal and vertical loads induced by a tsunami, such as buoyancy) acting on structural members for design/assessment of structures and infrastructure;
• The behaviour of non-structural components, such as infill walls;
• The structural analysis methodology for design/assessment;
• Performance levels and safety checks at local and global levels.

The fundamental knowledge produced in this framework will support the introduction of reliable design/assessment criteria in the field of tsunami engineering. This will provide an improvement with respect to existing international codes and will represent the first guideline for Europe.

The TG will also address aspects related to the harmonization of tsunami design provisions with existing design provisions for other kind of hazards.

Convener
Rossetto Tiziana

Co-Convener
Del Zoppo Marta

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TG2.14 - Open-source code development by the fib

The fib has started developing an open-source Python package containing models from the fib Model Code. Github is used as a platform for version control and code collaboration. On the long-term, this package should contain all models in the fib Model Code. When sufficiently mature, the package should be published on PyPI.org to arrange for easy distribution. The package should be published with a license that grants the user flexible rights to use, study, edit and publish the source code, without warranty of any kind.

Primary objective of the TG: serve as a team of core developers or maintainers of the Python package. This includes, but is not limited to:

• Contribute code to the package.
• Respond to issues that are reported and initiate relevant actions.
• Maintain a CI/CD, continuous integration and continuous delivery, pipeline.
• Review contributions from the community, and merge these when properly matured.

The fib seeks contributions from the fib and the engineering community as a whole.

Convener
Morten Engen

Co-Convener
Diego Alexandro Talledo

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TG2.15 - Bridges with combined reinforcement

Unbonded – external post-tensioning (PT) tendons are gaining interest world-wide within the concrete bridge community. The ability to address unforeseen issues has always been valued by bridge engineers and unbonded external PT tendons provide bridge designers and owners the flexibility to address these issues through their ability to be replaced while the bridge is in-service. Four countries, France, Germany, Japan, and United States are using this technology to provide tendon replaceability.

The use of unbonded tendons has led to components with both bonded and unbonded prestressing and/or mild reinforcement. Research has shown that the use of mixed reinforcement conditions (i.e. bonded and unbonded PT with and without mild reinforcement) in concrete members has structural implications (UF Report). Most current specifications consider their design approach as conservative for the design of components with mixed reinforcement conditions. However, research has shown that the performance and appropriate design of these members is complex and comprehensive guidance is needed to educate engineers on the design of these unique components. Therefore, there is a great need for clear design guidance to bridge designers on this unique and increasingly popular posttensioned component.

This guidance can have at least four purposes: i) provide background information on the performance of mixed reinforced elements with varying amounts of unbonded to bonded PT ratios, ii) synthesize current codified design methods for members with mixed reinforcement, iii) develop guidance on appropriate analysis methods, and iv) develop design approach for flexural capacity, including resistance factors & associated ductility requirements.

The primary objective of the task group (TG) is to serve as a team of core technical reviewers for the development of this technical report. Expertise in the design of complex concrete elements and experience with design methods for mixed reinforced members is desired.

Convener
John Corven

Co-Convener
Oguzhan Bayrak

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TG1.1 - Bridges

Task Group 1.1 (TG1.1) is dedicated to bridge engineering. All types of bridges are concerned, with a predominance of concrete bridges. Theoretical and practical aspects are treated, as well as construction techniques. Innovations and recent developments but also established good practices are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on bridge architecture and design.

The general objective of the task group is to provide design guides, recommendations, practical design rules and technical advice on bridge design and related construction techniques. Rules of good practice and recommendations for the correct use of materials and techniques are formulated.

Convener
Thierry Delémont

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TG1.2 - Concrete structures in marine environments

Well-designed, well-built concrete structures are particularly suited for the marine environment. Task Group 1.2 has so far focused on structures for oil and gas fields in hostile marine environments (fib Bulletin 50) and on concrete structures in marine environments in general (fib Bulletin 91). A special focus has been done on floating tube bridges to help the designers to consider this promising alternative (fib Bulletin 96).

Significant experience has been gained from the design and construction of offshore concrete structures of the world and concrete has shown the possibility to design durable structures also in aggressive marine environment.

The topic of durability is, nowadays, more and more important, especially considering the goals on sustainability that the community is required to reach. Durable, safe and sustainable floating concrete structures will provide an important alternative in a future with lack of space on land and new technological solutions, for example for renewable energy production, that are continuously approaching the market.

Convener
Arianna Minoretti

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TG1.3 - Buildings

The use of concrete in Building Structures is widespread throughout the world and is generally well documented in the various national codes and standards. There are however a number of areas where guidance to designers is unclear or where significant interpretation is required. The aim of this task group is to review the current design and construction approaches used and to identify where additional guidance is required. Where it is felt necessary, the group will undertake the appropriate literature searches, review the available current guidance and produce new design advice and recommendations in the form of fib bulletins.

The main goals of TG1.3 main goals are to:

• identify how recent improvements in concrete knowledge and technology are, or could be, applied to building structures;
• prepare state-of-the-art reports, guidelines and recommendations on the use of concrete in the design and construction of concrete buildings.

Convener
Andrew Truby

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TG1.4 - Tunnels

Transports, mining, water management, energy network development, combined with environmental concern, are leading to a large increase of tunneling works around the World. As structural concrete plays a primary role, among other materials, for the realization of those works, it appears that many issues related to the use of concrete in tunnels ought to be addressed, in order to allow and promote the best use of structural concrete in this field of civil engineering.

The main goals of TG1.4 main goals are to:

• identify how recent improvements in concrete knowledge and technology are, or could be, applied to tunnels, and how new developments in tunnel construction can rely upon concrete technologies;
• prepare state-of-the-art reports, guidelines, recommendations for the use of concrete in tunnels design and construction.

Convener
Alberto Meda

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TG1.5 - Structural sustainability

Recently, sustainability has been discussed with regard to materials, recycling and so on, relating to the reduction of CO2 emissions. However, sustainability has another aspect, for example, the structure, design and construction, which can lead to reducing energy consumption and non-renewable resources over the course of the full life-time of a structure. Minimising energy consumption and non-renewable resources, will be discussed in the context of environmental, social and economic aspects in order to provide sustainable solutions for our society. These discussions will be key for developing sustainable structures. This philosophy is defined as “Structural Sustainability”.

The aim of this Task Group is to focus on minimising energy consumption and non-renewable resources during the life-time of structures from the structural point of view. Basically, the structures built using current specifications are durable. Therefore, structural sustainability should be defined as the difference from existing technologies to new ones in order to make structural sustainability clear. Examples of structural type, detailing, design, special construction techniques and so on for structural sustainability will be collected to publish a state-of-the-art report.

Convener
Akio Kasuga

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TG1.6 - History of concrete structures

During the long history of CEB, FIP and now fib, the main objectives of their commissions, task groups and special activity groups were and are actual topics of research, application and dissemination.

Construction history is a rapidly growing research field in the community of architects and civil engineers. The last conference on construction history took place in Paris in July 2012 and consisted of 66 sessions. Only two of them focused on concrete and concrete construction. Furthermore, none of the key lectures was related to concrete.

The task group intends to set up a process which shall result in the publication of a series of bulletins covering the global history of structural concrete, from its first developments to the present situation.

At the beginning, it is very important to organise the extremely broad field of historic research. It is suggested to start with a narrower approach, mainly with the collection of historic material. A broader approach implies the integration of concrete history within the time, including political, social, climatic, economic and ecological circumstances. This will require more time as well as the addition of historically educated experts.

Convener
Manfred Curbach

Co-Convener
Michel Moussard

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TG1.7 - Construction of concrete structures

The areas of interest have been developed from the viewpoint that the construction process has two main components: perception related aspects and process aspects. The perception related aspects comprise materials, workmanship, formwork and scaffolding, curing of concrete, concrete surface, testing and monitoring, high performance concrete, special technologies, specifications and training/education. The process related aspects comprise the construction process of concrete structures, quality management and life cycle management.

The task group addresses state-of-the-art basic principles of the construction process of concrete structures at site. Furthermore, the task group reflects on anticipated developments, which could have a significant influence on construction. The objective is to develop awareness regarding aspects which have an impact on safety, serviceability, durability and environmental issues of concrete structures to be built on site, and to provide information as how to handle the basic principles. The output will be presented as internationally harmonised reports.

Convener
Aad van der Horst

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